BACKGROUND: Timing and stability of the sleep-wake cycle are potential modifiable risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between objective measures of sleep-wake timing and stability with cardiometabolic disease risk.

METHODS: In this multicenter, cross-sectional, population-based study, actigraphy data were obtained from the 2,156 adults, aged 18 to 64 years, recruited from the Sueño ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2010-2013). These data were correlated with measures of cardiometabolic disease risk, including systolic and diastolic BPs, homeostatic assessment of insulin resistance, glycosylated hemoglobin, BMI, and hypertension and diabetes status.

RESULTS: Each 10% decrease in interdaily stability was associated with a 3.0% absolute increase in the prevalence of hypertension (95% CI, 0.6-5.3; P  .05), an increase in systolic BP by 0.78 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.12-1.45; P  .05) and an increase in diastolic BP by 0.80 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.28-1.32; P  .05). In addition, delaying the midpoint of sleep by 1 h was associated with an increase in systolic BP by 0.73 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.30-1.16; P  .01) and diastolic BP by 0.53 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.17-0.90; P  .01). These associations were not significant after adjusting for shift work status. No association was found between interdaily stability or sleep timing and diabetes, BMI, or insulin resistance.

CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that beyond sleep duration, the timing and regularity of sleep-wake schedules are related to hypertension prevalence and BP.